Four significant parameters to be taken care if you have Low birth weight baby and have brought him or her home. The preterm babies need to adhere to regular feeding, bathing and clothing and unique environment. A balanced mix of cautiousness, patience, alertness with a dollop of love would surely make the transition more endearing and less stressful. 

Feeding:

1. Breastfeed newborn babies about eight to 12 times per day or about every 1 1/2 to 3 hours.
2. Bottle fed newborn babies drink about 1 1/2 to 3 ounces of milk every 2 to 3 hours.
3. Feed your baby whenever you feel he or she is hungry: If your baby is sucking on his or her fist, it is an indication that your baby is hungry offer to feed the baby.
4. Make your baby fully awake while feeding. Sit your baby up to bottle feed, or play with his toes during breastfeeding.
5. Burp your baby in between feeding: Sometimes baby's belly may be full of air, and as a result, drinking slows down. Burp your baby midway through the feeding.

All of these would surely enable your child to catch up with their counterparts within three months and ensure you regularly visit your paediatrician.

Bathing:
Bathings of a newborn premature depend on the prematurity and the condition and type of his or her skin.

1. Plain water is fine for the first few tender months.  The water should be tepid. This includes at nappy changing time use warm water and the soft cotton wool or organic cotton muslin wipes.
2. Although the skin may appear dry, do not use any moisturiser. Check with your paediatrician whether the skin surface has become more robust to accept anything. Please start with any organic oil like coconut or olive oil.
3. No need for washing of the whole body every day. With just the organic cotton cloth and tepid water, you can rub clean face neck head and toes and genital areas and bottom. Dry and wrap instantly.

Prevention of any infectious disease:

1. Preemies are susceptible to infection because their immune systems are still on the developmental mode than their counterpart. Try not put the baby in any smoking areas or even kitchen.
2. Avoid public places for at least a month and a half or 45 days. (other than visits to your paediatrician.), especially if it's wintertime.
3. Always limit visitors as this these become the most challenging part in the Indian scenarios and social system. Do not allow anyone suffering from cold or fever to visit. If you have any nanny or maid, please make it clear. If unavoidable, please provide them with the necessary mask and gloves even though it may incite many criticisms. Just ignore them as they would be soon forgotten easily.

​All of these would surely enable your child to catch up with their counterparts within three months and ensure you regularly visit your paediatrician.

You are a parent of a  child, who is consistently in the 5th percentile of weight and is cleared by the paediatrician of any severe disease. Your kid is considered a small child and picky eaters. Consequently,  the medical practitioners say that the mother has to make the child “eat more” and then possibly to load the meals with calorie. I have heard this numerous times and as this parental instinct would push you to do whatever best you can. But this job is the most frustrating of all, and as a mother, you may find often feel that you have failed. Being a mother of this category and after a lot of trials and failures, I have learnt to arrive at small targets. If the intake of food increases by 30 pct it is a huge success. Here are the few simple tips which I have accepted to be more beneficial in fulfilling the targets.

Portion Size of the food:  Give our child a big portion size. Then you can make a deal that you have to finish all. Even if your child does not complete, all he or she will eat more. Yes, of course, there is a chance of leftover food and wastage. Anyways by now, mothers have the habit of nibbling into the leftovers. So it would not be a significant issue by far.

​Size of the Plate served. Previously when my child was small, I have tried feeding her in the little kid's plate. She ate as usual But when she ate in our dish it though by default it was eventually more. The satisfying or they're the fulfilment of eating is delayed we serve on a bigger plate. So she ultimately ate quite a few morsels more.

Plates made of the different medium: To add fun and variety and encourage more enthusiasm I have changed the usual dishes with sometimes banana leaf serving, or sal leaves plates. She enjoyed the meal as it was different. So eventually could sneak in more food. Even wooden bowl and plates and stonewares are available nowadays in fancy shapes. My daughter was particularly attracted to banana leave plates.

​Colour up the plate. Bright colour plates entice kids more. I have seen my child eat more from a green colour melamine plate than the usual white plates or the steel plates we use in India. Buy varying shapes brightly coloured plates and bowl. At least 3 to 4 would do the trick. There is now cartoon placemat. Buy 1 or 2 if serving on a simple stainless steel plate. So remember the background of the food serving is crucial.

How much milk to drink: Full-fat milk usually fills up the kid's stomach for a long time thus preventing them from eating more calorie dense food. Do not give milk before lunch or dinner. Liquid calories do not add to the weight gain. It is a myth because after a year of providing liquid calories of a famous brand my daughter gained the same weight. It was only after I have stopped by the advice of her paediatrician that she has shown the interest in eating food.

​Eating speed. The speed of feeding is a torment to the mothers' of picky eaters.Myself have tried to sit through the meal in the hope of feeding more. First of all, it is frustrating for both mother and child. Eventually, the child keeps the food in the mouth and a sense of fullness comes over. Start with reasonable speed and do not linger the process more than 20 to 25 minutes. Instead, you can opt for feeding a few more times. Small meals help the kids to eat more and faster.

​The yummy smell of fresh cooking. Allow your child to sit around nearby to smell and observe the food. An aroma of fresh round fulkas or the melting or butter or ghee on the roti would help them to increase their appetite or sense of hunger. My daughter loves to eat fish, so frying fish with her sitting nearby induces her to ask for food. It makes the feeding process easy.

​Cooking by kids: many researchers have said that makes a kid interested in the food. At first, I was sceptical about it. After a few trials like homemade burgers with different patties, she would be proud to eat it as she has herself cooked it. All that she has done is to make the patties, and I have pan fried it. She puts her favourite sauces and eats one. The patties can be vegetables or chicken all homemade. Omellete if stirred by her is eventually yummier and finishes it fast. So to some extent, it worked.

Homemade fast food for binge eating: you can make small burgers or cheese stick. Finger food is easy for the kid to eat and at the same time do not require a lot of time to feed. Mini vegetable balls or meatballs. Mini sandwiches. Even a small chapati filled with desired fillers or mini egg rolls are perfect calorie rich finger food. 

Lastly distracting the kid while eating: It is the last resort but works well when a kid watches the favourite tv show or reading some stories. This may become an addiction but still the goal of feeding the kid more than the usual works.

​All through the primary objective is to maintain the subtlety and tricking your child to eat more. Do not overdo anything . If the child is conscious, he or she will resist. Do any of these combinations and routinely change it to eliminate the boredom.

We all know minerals are essential for proper healthy growth of a child. Calcium is one of the fundamental requirement for a kid developmental process. The benefits of calcium are not unknown to us, but the challenges for parents starts whether your child is receiving the necessary amount of this mineral.A combination of food, fortified drink and sometimes even supplements are required to support it. The primary requirements for calcium is listed here. 

1. Calcium helps  Strong bone growth.
2. Calcium keeps the nerves and muscles working.
3. Calcium plays a vital role in keeping the heart healthy.
4. Calcium is the primary component of Strong teeth and gum
5. Calcium acts as a metabolic boost to gain healthy weight.

The daily dose of Calcium is as follows:
​
          At ages                          Every day requirement :

1. Younger than 6 months    200mg/day
2. 6 months to 12months    260mg/day
3. 1 year to 3 year               700mg/day
4. 4 to 8 years                    1000mg/day
5. 9 to 18 year                   1300mg/day

Calcium is best absorbed with the help of vitamin D. Supplements are not required if the kids have enough time to play in the sun. Only breastfed babies may need supplements of vitamin D as it is not present in breast milk.

In the earlier days, there was no such significant worry with the food intake of kids. It would typically be wholesome and organic. Nowadays children are spoilt for choices of fast food. This reverses the nutrients intake in the body with carbohydrate, sugar and fat gaining the prime seat. The food habit of children needs monitoring, and strict policing might not work with so much of temptations around. The easy and the fun way to choose food to gain the requisite quota of the minerals should be the target of parents. Children with milk allergies and vegetarian needs to look into the foods that would help to decrease the deficiencies.

Here is the list of readily available fruits that are rich in calcium, seasonal and reasonable to your pocket. Children are more than happy to eat them.
FRUITS                                                        PER 100 GRAMS

1. Kismis                                                                 130mg
2. Khajur (Dates) (Dry)                                           120mg
3. Anjeer (Figs)                                                         80mg
4. Neembu (Lemon)                                                  70mg
5. (Orange medium size)                                           60mg
6. Mosambi (Sweet Lime)                                         40mg
7. Kharabuja (Musk Melon)                                       32mg
8. Chikoo (Sapota)                                                    28mg

Nature has fruits for every season to build our body.

The lemonade in hot summer is an easy and favourite among kids. It is simple to make nutritious and superior for bone health than any of the shelf drink. Very few kids would resist musk melon or a glass of chilled mask melon smoothie.  In the rainy season, we do have mosambi, 2 cups of juice could give necessary calcium intake. Moreover, much coaxing is not needed. 
Kismis dates and figs sliced can be used as snacks for kids instead of biscuits or chips. Start an early practice of using them as healthy snacks for the children gets as inclination for healthy food habit.

Vegetables                              Calcium Contents per 100mg 

1. Raw garlic                                   246mg
2. Spinach (Cooked)                        136mg
3. ​Cowpeas (Lobiya)cooked            124mg
4. Mustard green cooked                118mg
5. Beetroot                                     117mg
6. Turnips (shalgam)                      114mg
7. Okra                                              82mg
8. Banana flower                               56mg
   
9. Carrot                                            53mg
   
10. Cabbage (Cooked)                        48mg

​ The next in line and surprising for many are seeds which are the rich source of calcium. 

Seeds (100mg)                     (Calcium content  per 100mg)

1. Sabja seed ( basilseed   )      2113 mg
   
2. Spices, basil, dried:               2240mg
   
3. Poppy seed                           1438 mg
   
4. Coriander leaf dried              1246mg
5. Sesame seed dried roasted    989 mg

Homemade Falooda with sabja seeds nuts almonds and Pistachios  are a favoirite drink for kids .

All other seeds like fennel coriander bay leaf have a lot of calcium present in them. So when we cook Indian food, we usually add spices which not only provides aroma it isa vital source of many minerals including calcium.

Nuts like almond pistachio walnuts contain calcium but not as high as other spices. Still, it is more nutritious than white bread and carbohydrate enriched food.

Lastly, we all know the dairy products which are the most apparent source of calcium for ages. Milk, cheese and yoghurt are the primary sources of calcium for kids. There are lots of research available which contradict these dairy products as the primary source of calcium. Moreover adulteration and milk quality have become an issue. Thus we should try for a balanced diet with fruits seeds, nuts, vegetables and milk. Dependence on one type of food as a primary source is detrimental to the wholesome eating concept.

We know the benefit of iron-rich food contents for our kids. Iron is an essential building block of our immune system. Many of the drinks and cereals for kids are iron-fortified, but they are also rich in sugar and fat content. Supplementing toddler's  iron content with natural methods is propitious in the long run. Moreover, these artificial supplements can cause constipation in kids.
The daily iron consumption of babies and kids are listed below.

1. Infants ages 7–12 months need 11 milligrams of iron a day.
2. Ages 1 to 3 years: 7 milligrams per day 
3. Ages 4 to 8 years: 10 milligrams per day

Here are few fundamental and crucial things we need to know about this mineral.

1. The absorption of iron is better in the body when supplemented with Vitamin C.
2. The dietary source of iron is the next significant matter. The absorption of iron is different for vegetarian and meat or fish source. 
3. The plant-based iron food contains Nonheme iron which difficult to absorb.
4. Meat, poultry and seafood contain heme iron easy to absorb.
5.  Vegetarian feed kids need to have almost 1.8 times the amount of iron-rich food than the non-vegetarians.
6. The highest form of iron in a non-vegetarian diet typically for a toddler are poultry and sea fish and red meat. But the balance has to be maintained with vitamin C enriched fruits oranges, papaya, grapefruit, sweet potatoes and iron-rich vegetables for fibres.
7. Combinations of vegetables and non-veg food work the best for absorption even for non-vegetarian kids.
8. An example of palak saag and chicken. Casserole made for the toddler with brown rice palak saag, and chicken or egg scrambled.

Here is the list of vegetarian food which is readily available and can be consumed in varied combination for a wholesome iron-rich diet.

• 1 cup of soybeans cooked - 8.8 gms. (Remember it is not the same as soys chunks which are processed from soya beans. )
• 1 blackstrap Molasses (sheera) It is the third boil of organic sugarcane (2 tablespoons) It is nowadays available online. 
• 1 cup cooked spinach 6.4 gms
• 1 cup chickpeas 4.7 gms gms 
• 1 cup  cooked lentils (masoor dal) 6.4 gms
• 1Potato: Boiled or baked or even in stew 
• The next group is the lima beans the black beans and the kidney beans
• Even raisins and almonds are a rich source of iron content. For toddlers, it is of choking hazard. So better to make a paste and spread on bread or just two tablespoon feed to the toddler.

If you still feel that the iron content is not enough for your kid; consult your paediatrician for an appropriate dosage of iron supplements.

​When the intense heat is reeling the Indian continent, and we have to keep the kids properly hydrated and replenish them with the proper energy. Consider the very simple homemade energy drinks with natural ingredients and fortified vital minerals. Obviously, it would be far better than the market drinks which are packed with a high amount of sugar content. Here are the four homemade summer drinks for your kids and family can enjoy.

• Lemonade

What can be more refreshing than a glass of lemonade?

1. Water 2 glass 
2. ⅓ cup honey
3. 3 medium size lemon juice strained.

Heat the water and 1/3 cup honey in a saucepan over low heat. Stir until the honey gets dissolved,  then remove from the stove. It takes about a minute or two.Now add the lemon juice and stir. You can add more honey if the children wants to have it sweet. Honey contains fructose which takes a longer time to digest. Sucrose in sugar and the glucose in honey gets fast absorbed. Fructose remains longer in the digestive system and thus takes a longer time to enter the blood stream. It helps to provide energy for a longer duration.
You can refrigerate and serve cool or  add ice cubes

• Cucumber masala drink  

Cucumber has the vital vitamins like K, B6 , A and many others. Moreover, it is rich in antioxidants and great water content. Aids in digestion and constipation. So a healthy option for a drink and easy available in our daily household.

1. 1 cucumber peeled and cut into small cubes to make about 2 cups 
2. 4 to 5 Mint leaves (optional)
3. 3 cups water 
4. 2 lime juice strained 
5. 3 tablespoons honey 
6. 1/4 teaspoon rock  salt/ black salt
7. 1/4 teaspoon chaat masala
8. Ice cubes(optional)

In a blender put cucumber, mint leaves and ½ cup of cold water. Press the puree through the strainer. Now add the remaining water lemon juice,  honey, rock salt,  chat masala and stir well.

• Homemade Chocolate Yogurt Shake

Children often refuse milk, and in the summertime, yogurt can be spruced up with chocolate flavour and served them cold. Kids often find them hard to resist. It is always better than the market drink because you have a better control of the quality and the sugar content. The ingredients are as follows:

1. Cocoa powder 2  teaspoon
2. Yogurt  1 medium cup
3. Honey 2 tablespoon
4. Cooking cream(2 tablespoons)/condensed milk or milkmaid

Drain the excess of liquid from the curd in a mixing bowl. A fork is used to whip the yogurt till fluffy. Now mix the cocoa powder, honey and the cooking cream or condensed milk together thoroughly. Pour the mixture into the squeezed curd. It acts as a  thickener and makes it more fluffy.When you are adding condensed milk; adjust the honey accordingly. Now put it in the blender, and the yummy shake is ready.

• Ginger lime and orange drink.

When you want to bring a difference to the usual orange drink for your kids, you can add lemon and ginger to give it a tangy zest. The ingredients are as follows:

1. 1/2 cup grated ginger juice
2. 4 lime  juice
3. 2 cup of orange juice
4. 1 glass of cold water
5. Ice cubes optional

Grate the ginger and squeeze out the juice.Also, squeeze out the juice from the lemon. Now mix it with the orange juice. Now you can add the water and make around 3 small glasses of the refreshing drink.

Make you kids homemade drinks fortified with natural vitamins and minerals without much stress. You can also sip in as they are healthy for all.